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News related to Renewables Powering Paper Recycling, Driver of The Largest Mass Extinction, Renewable Solution to Keep Cool, Next-Gen Solar Tech, NASA Spacecraft Touches Asteroid, Milky Way Collision with Dwarf Galaxy, Separation of CO₂ From Industrial Waste Gases, Human Adaptability 320k Years Ago, Cognitive Elements of Language, Upcycling Plastic Waste, Maya’s Water Filters, Quantum Clocks and Einstein’s Relativity
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Source: University College London 19 Oct 2020
Recycling paper may only be helpful to the climate if it is powered by renewable energy, according to a new modelling study by researchers. The study found that greenhouse gas emissions would increase by 2050 if we recycled more paper, as current methods rely on fossil fuels and electricity from the grid. They found that if all wastepaper was recycled, emissions could increase by 10%, as recycling paper tends to rely more on fossil fuels than making new paper.
Source: Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) 19 Oct 2020
252 million years ago, at the transition from the Permian to the Triassic epoch, most of the life forms existing on Earth became extinct. Using latest analytical methods and detailed model calculations, scientists have now succeeded for the first time to provide a conclusive reconstruction of the geochemical processes that led to this unprecedented biotic crisis.
Source: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 19 Oct 2020
Month-on-month, year-on-year, the world continues to experience record high temperatures. In response to this and exacerbated by a growing global population, it is expected that air-conditioning demand will continue to rise. A new study explored the pros and cons of seawater air-conditioning as an alternative cooling solution. According to the study, just 1 m³ of seawater in a SWAC plant can provide the same cooling energy as that generated by 21 wind turbines or a solar power plant the size of 68 football fields.
Source: ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science 20 Oct 2020
Researchers have resolved a fundamental challenge preventing the wide uptake of next-generation perovskite solar cells. Metal-halide perovskites, a class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, provide a cheap, flexible and highly promising pathway for efficient solar photovoltaics, as well as light emissive devices and fast x-ray detectors.
Source: NASA 20 Oct 2020
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft unfurled its robotic arm, and in a first for the agency, briefly touched an asteroid to collect dust and pebbles from the surface for delivery to Earth in 2023. This well-preserved, ancient asteroid, known as Bennu, is currently more than 200 million miles (321 million kilometers) from Earth. Bennu offers scientists a window into the early solar system as it was first taking shape billions of years ago and flinging ingredients that could have helped seed life on Earth.
Source: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 20 Oct 2020
Nearly 3 billion years ago, a dwarf galaxy plunged into the center of the Milky Way and was ripped apart by the gravitational forces of the collision. Astrophysicists announced that the merger produced a series of telltale shell-like formations of stars in the vicinity of the Virgo constellation, the first such “shell structures” to be found in the Milky Way. The finding offers further evidence of the ancient event, and new possible explanations for other phenomena in the galaxy.
Original written by: Mary L. Martialay
Source: Universität Bayreuth 20 Oct 2020
Chemists have developed a material that could well make an important contribution to climate protection and sustainable industrial production. With this material, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be specifically separated from industrial waste gases, natural gas, or biogas, and thereby made available for recycling. The separation process is both energy efficient and cost-effective.
Source: Smithsonian 21 Oct 2020
The first analysis of a new sedimentary drill core representing 1 million years of environmental history in the East African Rift Valley shows that at the same time early humans were abandoning old tools in favour of more sophisticated technology and broadening their trade networks, their landscape was experiencing frequent fluctuations in vegetation and water supply that made resources less reliably available. The findings suggest that instability in their surrounding climate, land and ecosystem was a key driver in the development of new traits and behaviours underpinning human adaptability.
Source: University of Zurich 21 Oct 2020
Humans are not the only beings that can identify rules in complex language-like constructions – monkeys and great apes can do so, too, a study has shown. Researchers used a series of experiments based on an ‘artificial grammar’ to conclude that this ability can be traced back to our ancient primate ancestors.
Source: University of California - Santa Barbara 22 Oct 2020
Researchers develop an efficient, low-energy method for upcycling polyethylene plastic waste into valuable molecules that can be repurposed for further use. With a one-pot, low-temperature catalytic method that upcycles polyethylene into high-value alkylaromatic molecules that are the basis of many industrial chemicals and consumer products.
Original written by: Sonia Fernandez
Source: University of Cincinnati 22 Oct 2020
Ancient Maya in the once-bustling city of Tikal built sophisticated water filters using natural materials they imported from miles away, according to researchers. They discovered evidence of a filter system at the Corriental reservoir, an important source of drinking water for the ancient Maya in what is now northern Guatemala.
Original written by: Michael Miller
Source: Dartmouth College 23 Oct 2020
A phenomenon of quantum mechanics known as superposition can impact timekeeping in high-precision clocks, according to a theoretical study. Research describing the effect shows that superposition—the ability of an atom to exist in more than one state at the same time—leads to a correction in atomic clocks known as “quantum time dilation.” The research takes into account quantum effects beyond Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity to make a new prediction about the nature of time.
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